Play Season 1 Episode 2: Air Disasters (2002)
Full Video (46 Minutes)
Play Videos
Clip #1: Play Intro:
Intro (8:40 Minutes)
Clip #2: Flame Out:
Flame Out (5:01 Minutes)
Clip #3: Old Radar On
Radar Hooked Up (1:55 Minutes)
Clip #4: 39 Miles to Winnipeg
39 Miles (1:31 Minutes)
Clip #5: Sideslip Maneuver
Sideslip Maneuver (4:17 Minutes)
Clip #6: The Landing-Kids
Kids (2:53 Minutes)
Clip #7: The Investigation
The Investigation 11:02 Minutes)
'Miracle on the Hudson"
US Air Flight 1549
From the 2016 Movie"Sully"
2:08 Minutes-Incident to Ditching in the Hudson
Miracle on the Hudson' 10-year Anniversary
ABC News: 24:42 Minutes
Flight 1549 NTSB Cockpit Recording-Print
Flight 1549-Actual Cockpit Recording Audio
ABC News: Sully Remembers-10 Years Later
ABC News: Miracle on the Hudson: A look back
ABC News: 'Miracle on the Hudson'
Passengers Reflect on Emergency Landing
NBC News: Miracle on the Hudson
Captain, Passengers Raise a Glass
10 years after the famous water landing.
Mircle on the Hudson Survivor Coments
More Sully down below
The Made for Canadian TV Movie:
Buy from Amazon-Read Reviews
Watch Video Online (90 Minutes):
Play Scene One (21:13 Minutes):
Scene One - Beginning
Play Scene Two: (15:08 Minutes)
Scene Two
Play Scene Three: (12:03 Minutes)
Scene Three
Play Scene Four: (14:02 Minutes)
Scene Four
Play Scene Five: (10:37 Minutes)
Scene Five
Play Scene Six: (11:54 Minutes)
Scene Six
Play Scene Seven:(10:02 Minutes)
Scent Seven-Final
Gimli Glider 25th Anniversary (9:31 Minutes)
25th Anniversary Video
The Gimli Glider 30 Years Later
Play Video-You Tube (19:38 Minutes)
Gimli Glider Bicycle Boy
(5:47 Minutes) Play Video
Gimli Glider Retired to the Mohave Desert
Play Video: Final Flight)
Sale Price $2.75-$3.00 million-Auction 475K bid
Scraped in Mohave Graveyard-Luggage Tags:
Gimli Glider Reborn--MojoArt Studio
Buy Luggage Tag Souvenir
Watch special broadcast with MotoArt owner Dave Hall, along with special guests, including Gimli Glider author and expert Wade Nelson.
Play MojoArt Video on Luggage Tag Web Site
Other You Tube Videos About the Gimli Glider
'The Gimli Glider' - Reconstruction of Air Canada Flight 143 1983 (12:28 Minutes)
Play Video
The Gimli Glider / Free fall (6:00 Minutes)
(From the TV Movie): Play Video
FSX - "Catastrophic Calculation" (Air Canada Flight 143) (8:04 Minutes)
Play Video
That Time a Passenger Loaded Boeing 767
Ran Out of Fuel Mid Flight: Play Video
Other Videos Online:
Watch Several of the Mayday-Air Diaster
Videos by Daily Motion:
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6jfi32
Presentation Poster
Other Great Landings:
Air Transit Flight 236 - Wikipedia
Air Transit Flight 236 crash documentary -
Play Video Flying on Empty
(46:59 Minutes) Full Episode
TACA Flight 110 - Wikipedia
TACA AIRLINES 110 "Flameout"
May 24, 1988 You Tube (2:20 Minutes)
Air Disasters: Miraculous Plane Landing
on New Orleans Levee (5:49 Minutes)
TACA Flight 110 - Play You Tube Video
TACA Flight 110Documentary
List of airline flights that required gliding
the Miracle at Gottröra in Sweden
Daily Motion Play Video (45:03)
The Movie: Sully
Play The Movie Trailer
Actors: Tom Hanks, Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney
Directors: Clint Eastwood
Writers: Todd Komarnicki
Producers: Clint Eastwood, Kipp Nelson, Frank Marshall, Allyn Stewart, Tim Moore
Format: Color, NTSC, Subtitled, Widescreen
Run Time: 96 Minutes
Captain Chesley (Sully)Sullenberger
Recalls (58 Seconds)
"Sully" Movie Introduction
Government Investigation Finale:
More 1549 Video
Gimli Glider Presentation Page was last modified by John Taylor:
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Many might remember the Blockbuster movie last year, "Sully", which recreated the "Miracle on the Hudson", on January 15th, 2009.
A US Airways Airbus was performing flight US-Air 1549 from New York La Guardia, NY to Charlotte, NC with 150 passengers and 5 crew, performed a controlled emergency landing
into the Hudson River after losing both engine power shortly after takeoff from New York's La Guardia Airport. The airplane had reached an altitude of about 2200 feet
when both engines were destroyed by a flock of birds and reached a maximum altitude of 3400 feet a few seconds later, before it began to fall to earth.
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Flight 1549 was flown by Captain Chesley B. Sullenberger III (58)(Sully) with a total of 19,663 flight hours and
First Officer Jeffrey B. Skiles (49) with a total of 15,643 flight hours. All people on board got out of the airplane.
78 people received injuries and were treated by paramedics, most of them minor injuries.
One man suffered broken legs, a number of people had to be treated for hypothermia.
Several ships and ferries helped to collect the people which got out to the wings and slides, which served life rafts.
The media deemed this incident, "The Miracle on the Hudson" and was heard around the world. |
But then there is the rest of the story.
On Saturday, July 23rd, 1983 Air Canada Flight 143 from Montreal to Edmonton was flying at 41,000 feet
in a very new Boeing 767 (with only a total of 150 hours in service) began having warning lights and buzzers from the left engine fuel pumps.
With over 700 miles left to Edmonton but only 120 miles from Winnipeg, Captain Robert Pearson,(48 with over 15,000 hours flying time) contacted Winnipeg
for an emergency landing. As he was descending from 41,000 feet the left engine flamed out. At 26,000 feet, a catastrophic failure occurred, as the right
engine also flamed out. The plane was out of fuel and was still 75 miles to Winnipeg.
First officer, Maurice Quintal , radioed Winnipeg control tower: "Air Canada 143 just lost both engines."
In retrospect, Ground Controller Jessie Widner, thought at the time
"Holy Cow, I'm talking to a dead Man!"
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For the next 19 minutes the plane was falling to earth at 2500 feet per minute with 69 soles on board, 63 passengers and 6 flight crew.
The story is recreated by a popular television series called:
"Mayday, Mayday: Air Disaster"
This recreation of the actual events with comments by the actual crew telling their story was Season 1 of 15, Episode 2:
The Gimli Glider in 2002. Recently this series has been seen in the United States over the Smithsonian Channel. |
This presentation will show many video clips from Episode 2 and explain why the plane ran out of fuel.
It is all about the Metric System and a critical part of reporting scientific measurements.
Every measurement must have units. Miscommunication between the Montreal ground crew and the Copilot occurred that afternoon on fueling the 767 with a unit factor "1.77".
This presentation will close describing the miscommunication and transferred into a "story" measurement problem for students to solve via "Unit Conversion",
Dimensional Analysis, or "Factor Label" method of problem solving, usually taught in physical science courses, such as chemistry.
Several handouts will be available for the audience
The Complete Abstract
True Story Word Problem - No Solution
Link to Dimensional Analysis Web Site (Prob#10)
Damn Interesting Story
True Story - The Word Problem with Solution
Link to Setup & Solution to Word Problems
Sideslip Maneuver
Dimensional Analysis Problem on Web Site with Step by Step Solution
Boeing 767 Measuring Sticks
1997 Soaring Magazine Article: The Gimli Glider
Questions & Answers About the Boeing 767 Plus Fuel Tank Specifications
Link to Wikipedia: The Gimli Glider
Link to Code770: Air Canada 143 - Accident Case Study
Link to Sylvia Wrigley's "Fear of Flying-The Art of Not Hitting the Ground Too Hard" - The Gimli Glider
Pilot Recall Heroic Landing: Article Canadian National Post
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The Sideslip Maneuver
A slip is an aerodynamic state where an aircraft is moving somewhat sideways as well as forward relative to the oncoming airflow.
The sideslip also uses aileron and opposite rudder.
In this case it is entered by lowering a wing and applying exactly
enough opposite rudder so the airplane does not turn (maintaining the same heading),
while maintaining safe airspeed with pitch. Compared to Forward-slip,
less rudder is used: just enough to stop the change in the heading.
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The True Story-The Gimli Glider
What Happened? Why did the plane run out of fuel? How could this happen?
At the time of the incident, Canada was converting to the metric system. As part of this process, the new 767 being acquired by Air Canada were the first to be calibrated for metric units
(liters and kilograms) instead of Imperial units (gallons and pounds). All other aircraft were still operating with Imperial units
Like all Boeing 767s, the new plane had a sophisticated computerized fuel gauges, but they were not working properly.
However, the plane was still allowed to fly, because there is an alternate method for determining fuel.
The Mechanics use dip sticks (float-sticks) located under each of the fuel tanks.
The third tank located in the belly of the plan is never used, except for extremely long distance,
such as transcontinental flights. The dip sticks are calibrated in centimeters and translated into volume in liters.
The Mechanics calculated the three tanks had a total of 7682 Liters of fuel at Montreal. The ground crew convert the depth
of fuel shown on the three sticks measured in centimeters and converted to liters using a chart located on the truck.
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The fuel truck dispense fuel in volume, usually gallons.
Pilots always calculate fuel quantities in mass,
because they need to know the total mass of the plane before takeoff.
Air Canada pilots had always calculated the mass in pounds, but the new 767 fuel consumption
was given in kilograms. This involved using the fuel's density to convert 7682 L to a mass in kilograms,
so that the pilot could calculate the mass of fuel that had to be added.
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The First Officer of the plane asked the Mechanic for the conversion factor to calculate volume-to-mass conversion,
and the Mechanic replied "1.77". But the mechanic just said 1.77.
Using that number, the officer and the Mechanic calculated that 4917 L of fuel should be added.
The required amount for the trip was 22,300 kg of fuel. The mechanic never gave the First Officer
the conversion units which was for pounds per liter, not kg/liter as the First Officer assumed.
On examination of the fuel records at Montreal, the group used the density of fuel 1.77 lbs/liter
and also used the density of fuel (which varies with temperature) 0.803 kg per liter.
In Science NEVER state a number without stating the unit(s) !
Everyone in Canada at the time was not familiar with the metric system. If they had used Dimensional Analysis, by cancelling units to change one unit to another,
this mistake should not have happened. When doing math with unfamiliar units, Dimensional Analysis results in no miscalculation.
For Dimensional Analysis or Unit Conversion or Factor Label method of Problem solving go to:
http://www.lsua.info/chem1001/dimanalysis/unitanalysisIntro.htm
On this web site is Problem #10 about the miscalculation of the Gimli Glider.
The calculation that they actually performed was:
7,682 liters X 1.77 = 13,597 'kg' (error-should have been pounds)
22,300 kg - 13,597 'kg' = 8,703 kg
8,703 kg divided by 1.77 = 4,917 liters
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Another Major Metric/Imperial System Error - Cost $125 million in 1999
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The Mars Climate Orbiter 1999
Click on Iamge Above for photos and Diagrams
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The Mars Orbiter Crash
Launch and trajectory
The Mars Climate Orbiter probe was launched on December 11, 1998 at 18:45:51 UTC by the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida,
aboard a Delta II 7425 launch vehicle.
The complete burn sequence lasted 42 minutes bringing the spacecraft
into a Hohmann transfer orbit, sending the probe into a 9.5 months, 669 million kilometer trajectory.
At launch, Mars Climate Orbiter weighed 638 kilograms (1,418 pounds) including propellant.
History of Missions to Mars and Future Missions
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The Mars Climate Orbiter began the planned orbital insertion maneuver on September 23, 1999 at 09:00:46 UTC.
The Mars Climate Orbiter went out of radio contact when the spacecraft passed behind Mars at 09:04:52 UTC, 49 seconds earlier than expected,
and communication was never reestablished.
Due to complications arising from human error, the spacecraft encountered Mars at a lower than anticipated altitude (37 miles versus the planned 93 miles)
and it was either destroyed in the atmosphere or re-entered heliocentric space after leaving Mars' atmosphere.
The primary cause of this discrepancy was that one piece of ground software supplied by Lockheed Martin produced results in a United States customary (Imperial) unit
(pound-force seconds), contrary to its Software Interface Specification (SIS),
while a second system, supplied by NASA, expected those results to be in SI units (Newton seconds),
in accordance with the SIS. Specifically, software that calculated the total impulse produced by thruster firings produced results in pound-force seconds.
The trajectory calculation software then used these results - expected to be in newton seconds - to update the predicted position of the spacecraft.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2005 has since completed most of the intended objectives for this mission.
"The problem here was not the error; it was the failure of NASA's systems engineering, and the checks and balances in our processes, to detect the error. That's why we lost the spacecraft."
-Edward Weiler, NASA associate administrator for space science, IEEE Spectrum: "Why the Mars Probe went off course."
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How Many Newtons are there is 1 lbf?
  _____?_____ N = 1 lbf
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Angular Momentum Math Calculations Incorporates Force
NASA Used Force in S.I. Units called Newtons (N)
Lockeed-Martin Used English System Units for Force
called Pounds-Force (lbf)
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Force = Mass X Acceleration Mass = 1 lb Acceleration Due to Gravity - 32.174 ft/sec2
1 lb X 32.174 ft |
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0.453492 kg |
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12 in |
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2.54 cm |
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1 m |
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kg x m |
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--------------------------- |
X |
--------------------- |
X |
-------- |
X |
-------------- |
X |
------------- |
= |
4.4482 ------------- |
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4.4482 Newtons |
1 sec2 |
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1 lb |
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1 ft |
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1 in |
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100 cm |
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sec2 |
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NASA acheieved success in 2005:
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